ISSN 2412-4036 (print)
ISSN 2713-1823 (online)

Prospects for studying kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in case of infectious pathology (literature review)

Murzabayeva R.T., Gumerova K.S., Valishin D.A., Karanaev R.M.

1) Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa; 2) Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ufa
Abstract. Current article, basing on a literature review, presents data on the biological activity and clinical and pathogenetic significance of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in case of acute kidney injury (AKI) and viral infections development. KIM-1 is a surface protein of immunoglobulin family. During renal tubular injury, it is massively expressed by epithelial cells and, to a lesser extent, produced by other cell types. Significant expression of KIM-1, including its urinary form, has been fixed in the early stages of AKI of various etiologies. By stimulating the immune response to the inflammatory process in case of AKI, it enhances the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by epithelial cells and suppresses inflammatory modulation. In COVID-19, KIM-1 serves for SARS-CoV-2 as an alternative to the ACE2 receptors, through which the pathogen enters cells. Therefore, KIM-1 expression in lung and kidney epithelial cells enhances their damage by the virus. Moreover, this protein is involved in the development of viral infections such as Ebola, dengue, Marburg fevers, Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A and C, and HIV: by interacting with phosphatidylserine receptors, it enhances viral penetration into cells. KIM-1 may become a biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of AKI outcomes of various etiologies, as well as for assessing the severity of viral infections.

Keywords

kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)
acute kidney injury
immune-inflammatory syndrome
viral infections

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About the Authors

Rasima T. Murzabaeva, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of infectious diseases, Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 450105, Ufa, 37 Zapototskogo St.
E-mail: rmurzabaeva@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-4697. Scopus ID: 6602301896. eLibrary SPIN: 29843537
Kamila S. Gumerova, MD, infectious diseases physician of the Admissions Department, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. Address: 450105, Ufa, 37 Zapototskogo St.
E-mail: yaernst@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-5298
Damir A. Valishin, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of infectious diseases, Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 450105, Ufa, 37 Zapototskogo St.
E-mail: damirval@yandex.ru
ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-9320. Scopus ID: 6506590910; eLibrary SPIN: 9582-5853
Ramil M. Karanaev, MD, infectious diseases physician at Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital. Address: 450105, Ufa, 37 Zapototskogo St.
E-mail: karanaevramil111@yandex.ru ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0008-0606-452X

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