Stress ABCDE echocardiography in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Integrative approach to cardiovascular risk assessment
Abstract. According to current clinical recommendations, the risk of atherosclerotic complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is comparable to that in patients with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, which requires active and timely detection of coronary heart disease in them, even in subclinical forms. In this regard, noninvasive imaging diagnostic methods are becoming increasingly relevant, in particular stress echocardiography using ABCDE protocol, developed for a systemic assessment of ischemia, microcirculation, contractility reserve, pulmonary congestion, and sympathetic activity. This advanced method allows to make a comprehensive and standardized assessment of cardiovascular risk in case of T2DM. The article highlights indications, methodology, and interpretation of stress echocardiography results, including those using ABCDE protocol, in patients with T2DM, with an emphasis on the possibility of integrating this method into the context of current recommendations for the management of patients with diabetes and the prevention of cardiovascular complications.Safarova A.F., Kobalava Zh.D., Timofeeva T.M., Efimova V.P., Abdulloev D.I.
Keywords
type 2 diabetes mellitus
stress echocardiography
ABCDE protocol
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About the Authors
Ayten F. Safarova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of internal medicine with the course of cardiology and functional diagnostics named after academician V.S. Moiseyev of the Institute of clinical medicine of the Medical institute, RUDN University, physician at the Department of ultrasound and functional research methods of V.V. Vinogradov University Clinical Hospital (branch), RUDN University. Address: 117198, Moscow, 6 Mikloukho-Maklaya St.E-mail: aytensaf@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2412-5986
Zhanna D. Kobalava, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, corresponding member of RAS, head of the Department of internal medicine with a course in cardiology and functional diagnostics named after academician V.S. Moiseyev of the Institute of clinical medicine of the Medical institute, RUDN University. Address: 117198, Moscow, 6 Mikloukho-Maklaya St.
E-mail: zkobalava@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5873-1768. Scopus ID: 7004399203. eLibrary SPIN: 9828-5409
Tatyana M. Timofeeva, MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of internal medicine with a course in cardiology and functional diagnostics named after academician V.S. Moiseyev of the Institute of clinical medicine of the Medical institute, RUDN University, physician at the Department of ultrasound and functional research methods of V.V. Vinogradov University Clinical Hospital (branch), RUDN University. Address: 117198, Moscow, 6 Mikloukho-Maklaya St.
E-mail: timtan@bk.ru
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-7404
Victoria P. Efimova, MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of internal medicine with the course of cardiology and functional diagnostics named after academician V.S. Moiseyev of the Institute of clinical medicine of the Medical institute, RUDN University, head of the Department of ultrasound and functional research methods of V.V. Vinogradov University Clinical Hospital (branch), RUDN University. Address: 117198, Moscow, 6 Mikloukho-Maklaya St.
E-mail: efimovavp@rambler.ru
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-9752
Dzhakhongir I. Abdulloev, MD, postgraduate student of the Department of internal medicine with the course of cardiology and functional diagnostics named after academician V.S. Moiseyev of the Institute of clinical medicine of the Medical institute, physician at the Department of ultrasound and functional research methods of V.V. Vinogradov University Clinical Hospital (branch), RUDN University. Address: 117198, Moscow, 6 Mikloukho-Maklaya St.
E-mail: jakha2596@gmail.com
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